Understanding ASD
ASD a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person perceives the world, communicates, and interacts with others. The term “spectrum” is used because it covers a wide range of characteristics and abilities where everyone with ASD is unique. Features for ASD are all unique to the individual, however, some common traits may include:
- Difficulty understanding social cues, tone or body language
- Strong interest in specific topics or activities
- Preference with routine and predictability (including movements or even speech patterns)
- Difficulty with motor development (sports, coordination, balance, hand-eye)
- Difficulty planning and sequencing movements
- Low muscle tone
Exercise and ASD
- Increase muscle tone and coordination
- Improve balance and motor skills (e.g., throwing and catching)
- Improves focus, concentration and emotional control
- Reduces stress and anxiety
- Encourages social interaction and communication
- Builds confidence and routine
Understanding ADHD
ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts a person’s ability to focus, manage impulses, and regulate activity levels. While individuals with ADHD may face challenges with attention, organisation, and restlessness, they often demonstrate strengths like creativity, high energy, and strong problem-solving skills when given the right strategies and support.
Exercise can help manage ADHD by:
- Improving focus and concentration – physical activity increases dopamine and norepinephrine, which support attention and mental clarity.
- Reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity – movement helps release excess energy and promotes calmness.
- Enhancing mood and emotional regulation – exercise triggers endorphins that reduce stress and anxiety.
- Supporting better sleep – regular activity can improve sleep quality, which is often disrupted in ADHD.
- Boosting self-esteem and confidence – achieving fitness goals builds a sense of accomplishment and motivation.
- Providing structure and routine – regular exercise creates consistency, which can help with daily organisation and focus.
What Exercise can I do?
You can do a range of exercises that are suited to your goals and wellbeing such as:
- Strength training
- Sport-specific training and skills development (e.g., throwing and catching, soccer kicking, basketball shooting)
- Aerobic exercise (rhythm and routine)
- Pilates/Yoga (for body awareness, control and regulation)
Exercise Physiologists Role
Working with an Exercise Physiologist can help people with ADHD and ASD by designing personalised exercise programs that address their unique needs and challenges. They provide structure and support to improve focus, motor skills, and emotional regulation while adapting activities to individual preferences and sensory sensitivities. This tailored approach promotes consistency, builds confidence, and enhances overall physical and mental wellbeing.
